Amendments are changes to the study protocol (and any other applicable study-related documents). They can be substantial or not substantial.
Substantial amendments must be submitted to the involved Ethic Commettees (ECs) and Competent Authorities (CAs), if applicable.The Sponsor must receive written approval from the ECs/CAs before being implemented.
Non-substantial amendments must be only notified to the ECs. The Sponsors does not need to receive a written approval before amendment implementation (some ECs can send to the Sponsor an acknowledgement of receipt).